Didactic games.
They are fun though, which should be carried out with the help and participation of adults. These are the so-called didactic games, improving efficiency and expanding messages. Admittedly, each game enriches the child's experience and knowledge of the world around him, but it happens spontaneously, accidentally. Messages, what the child gets, they are not ordered. Didactic games are used to improve specific skills. They teach focusing attention, they practice perceptiveness, memory, reflex, they teach the correct association of concepts, segregating items, putting them into collections, counting, logical reasoning,, distinguishing colors, shapes, extracting individual parts from the whole, or vice versa — assembling a larger whole from fragments, they stimulate the formulation and expression of thoughts, and dexterity also increase manual dexterity. Children love all kinds of puzzles, lottery games, picture and number dominoes, matchmaking, quartets, board and arcade games, such as bouncing hats, sticks or sticks. All of them help in improving the mental fitness of the child, they develop perseverance, self-discipline, sense of justice, they require compliance with certain rules.
Riddles are a very popular didactic game. Children are asked to read the same texts over and over again ,,Misia” or “Świerszczyk”. Riddles contribute to speech education, logical thinking, they develop the imagination, memory, observation, the ability to observe, the ability to draw conclusions. They organize information about a given subject or phenomenon. Children can put them together themselves (I don't mean riddles in verse), based on a description of a specific item without specifying its name. How to teach them?
You can start by identifying the animal, which the child saw in the picture, or equipment in the room. The game will become more interesting, if at least two children participate. You can first look at a book with pictures of pets together, then cover the picture with a blank piece of paper and ask, what animal are we talking about?, describing them concisely, but not by name. Riddles can also be about objects in the room.
The more difficult form will be puzzles not based on specifics, at which the child looks and, talking about it, extracts its essential features, but created on the basis of a reminder, imagining the object.
Preschoolers are very happy to guess rhyming riddles, although they often contain metaphors and comparisons that are difficult for children. Here are some examples of rhyming puzzles.
It stands on four legs as if frozen, sometimes covered with a white oilcloth. (table)
You use it every day, you soak in water every day,
When you wash your mouth with it, stings hard in the eyes. (soap)
Glass tube inside mercury. Guess, What is it, when you feel like it. (thermometer)
I have one ear and it has holes. No one will even look at my poor name.
Only when you need to sew, they will pull a thread through my ear. (sewing needle)
To climb trees - they beat him in the head, and once it goes in, it's hard to get it out. (nail)
A skeleton made of two sticks, little tissue paper, paper tail.
Hold the string tight, because I can easily escape with the wind under the cloud. (kite)
When the sun is shining outside, he stands sad in the corner. Forgotten junk.
Then heavy rain fell. Grat is going for a walk and what a mushroom looks like now. (parasol)